Transformasi Epistemologi Ulama Nusantara
Studi Hadis: Dari Tradisi Riwayah ke Dirayah (Abad ke-17–20)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/diversityjournal.v6i1.22457Keywords:
Epistemologi, Ulama Nusantara, Hadis, Riwayah, DirayahAbstract
Penelitian ini berusaha menunjukkan bahwa terdapat transformasi signifikan pada epistemologi
ulama Nusantara dalam studi hadis dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-20. Perubahan ini telah dikaitkan
dengan pergeseran paradigma dari riwayah sah al-sanad dan teks) ke dirayah analisis makna.
Bagaimana perubahan epistemologi ini dilakukan dan Apa faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan
epistemologi. Pendekatan sejarah intelektual dan teori epistemologi Islam digunakan dalam kajian ini
untuk melakukan penelusuran atas karya dan pemikiran ulama seperti Abdurrauf as-Singkili, Nawawi
al-Bantani, dan Mahfudz at-Tarmasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi tersebut tidak
bersifat revolusioner, melainkan gradual dan kontekstual. Ulama Nusantara mampu mempertahankan
otoritas sanad sambil mengembangkan pendekatan rasional dan kontekstual terhadap pemahaman
hadis. Pergeseran ini juga memperlihatkan upaya kreatif ulama lokal dalam mengintegrasikan warisan
keilmuan Islam klasik dengan dinamika sosial Nusantara. Transformasi epistemologi hadis di
Nusantara merupakan bentuk indigenisasi ilmu Islam yang menegaskan peran aktif ulama dalam
mengembangkan paradigma keilmuan yang khas, dinamis, dan relevan terhadap kebutuhan
masyarakatnya.
Kata Kunci: Epistemologi, Ulama Nusantara, Hadis, Riwayah, Dirayah
Epistemological Transformation of Nusantara Scholars in Hadith Studies:
From the Tradition of Riwayah to Dirayah (17th–20th Century)
ABSTRACT
This study seeks to demonstrate that there was a significant transformation in the epistemology of
Nusantara ulama in hadith studies from the 17th to the 20th century. This transformation is associated
with a paradigm shift from riwayah (the authentication of sanad and textual transmission) to dirayah
(the analytical interpretation of meaning). The main research questions are: how did this
epistemological transformation take place, and what factors influenced it. An intellectual-historical
approach and the framework of Islamic epistemology are employed to trace the works and thoughts
of prominent scholars such as Abdurrauf as-Singkili, Nawawi al-Bantani, and Mahfudz at-Tarmasi.
The findings reveal that this transformation was not revolutionary but rather gradual and contextual.
The Nusantara ulama were able to maintain the authority of sanad while developing rational and
contextual approaches to the understanding of hadith. This shift also reflects the creative efforts of
local scholars to integrate the classical Islamic intellectual heritage with the socio-cultural dynamics
of the archipelago. The epistemological transformation of hadith studies in Nusantara represents a
form of indigenization of Islamic knowledge, affirming the active role of ulama in developing a
distinctive, dynamic, and socially relevant epistemic paradigm.
Keywords: Epistemology, Nusantara Ulama, Hadith, Riwayah, Dirayah
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