THE ROLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN IMPROVING ACCESS TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Gender inequality remains a persistent challenge in developing countries and has a direct impact on health development governance. This study aims to analyze the role of gender equality in improving access to reproductive health services, with a particular focus on women's autonomy, empowerment, and education. A literature review was conducted by searching for national and international articles published between 2021 and 2025 through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases. Of the articles screened, 15 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the final analysis. The findings identified four major themes, with gender inequality as a structural barrier emerging as the most dominant issue, followed by the importance of reproductive health education, women's empowerment, and inclusive access to health services. The results indicate that women's autonomy in household decision-making and access to information significantly increase the utilization of maternal and reproductive health services. Conversely, patriarchal norms and male dominance continue to restrict women's reproductive health rights. In conclusion, gender equality is an essential prerequisite for achieving equitable and effective access to healthcare. Sustainable improvements in reproductive health outcomes cannot be attained solely through clinical services without addressing the root causes of gender-based inequality.