TANTANGAN REGULASI TERHADAP FENOMENA COMMERCIAL SURROGACY DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/yustisi.v13i2.22739Abstract
This study examines the practice of surrogacy through a comparative approach between the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of thought. This study is motivated by the development of assisted reproductive technology which has given rise to legal complexity in Islam, particularly regarding clarity of lineage, inheritance rights, and family relationships. Although the issue of surrogacy has been widely discussed, analyses specifically comparing the legal istinbāṭ methodologies of the two schools are still limited. This study is a normative-qualitative study with a library research approach, which examines primary sources in the form of classical fiqh books of the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools, such as Al-Umm, Al-Majmū‘, Al-Hidāyah, and Al-Mabsūṭ, as well as relevant secondary sources. The analysis was conducted comparatively to identify similarities and differences in the views of the two schools of thought. The results show that both the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of thought expressly prohibit the practice of surrogacy. The Hanafi school rejects this practice based on the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah (obligatory principles of Islamic law), particularly in safeguarding offspring (ḥifẓ al-nasl), honor (ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ), and the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs). Meanwhile, the Shafi‘i school rejects it absolutely, adhering to the principle of clear lineage, where the legitimate mother is the woman who gives birth. Both schools agree that the practice of womb rental has the potential to cause lineage confusion and serious legal issues in Islam. These findings emphasize the importance of Islamic law in comprehensively responding to the challenges of modern reproductive technology
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