Penggunaan BIM untuk Meningkatkan Keselamatan Kebakaran pada Bangunan Gedung Tinggi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/komposit.v6i1.6738Abstract
ABSTRAKBangunan gedung tinggi menjadi pilihan utama di kota-kota besar di dunia karena harga lahan yang sangat mahal dan adanya kebutuhan untuk fungsi perkantoran, tempat tinggal, hotel, dan berbagai fungsi lainnya. Selain memberikan manfaat yang besar, bangunan gedung tinggi juga ada konsekuensi berupa meningkatnya risiko kebakaran pada bangunan. Kebakaran pada bangunan gedung tinggi dapat menimbulkan korban jiwa dan material. Untuk mengatasinya dibutuhkan strategi keselamatan terhadap bahaya kebakaran yang terintegrasi dan efisien. Saat ini, pendekatan keselamatan dilakukan dengan merancang, menerapkan dan memelihara sistem proteksi kebakaran menggunakan cara-cara tradisional. Building Information Modelling (BIM) merupakan proses pemodelan gedung yang awalnya berbasis model 3D dan telah dikembangkan sampai 7D yang menyediakan informasi dan alat yang membantu proses perencanaan dan perancangan lebih efisien dan efektif dalam proses konstruksi. BIM pada awal kemunculannya berfungsi untuk membantu fungsi perancangan, pembangunan dan pengoperasian gedung. Walaupun belum banyak dilakukan, saat ini mulai dikembangkan fungsi BIM untuk membantu meningkatkan keselamatan kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperluas peran BIM untuk keperluan fire safety pada bangunan gedung bertingkat tinggi dengan pendekatan potensi pemanfaatan pada tahap pra konstruksi, konstruksi dan paska konstruksi, serta mengidentifikasi peralatan dan pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan fire safety yang mendukung peningkatan keselamatan kebakaran pada bangunan gedung tinggi. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan kajian literatur dan validasi pakar dengan cara wawancara. Hasil yang didapat berupa proyeksi ideal penggunaan BIM untuk meningkatkan keselamatan kebakaran pada bangunan gedung tinggi. Hasil proyeksinya divalidasi oleh ahli BIM dan fire safety.
Kata Kunci: BIM, keselamatan kebakaran, bangunan gedung bertingkat tinggi
ABSTRACTHigh rise building has been the main choice in big cities across the world as land price is significantly expensive and the needs for office, residence, hotel and many others are increasing. While high rise building provides great benefits, it also has negative consequence with regard to increasing risks of fire in building. High rise building fire could cause fatalities and losses. To overcome it, an integrated and efficient fire safety strategy is required. To date, the approaches for safety are design, implementation and maintenance of fire protection system from the stage of pre-construction, construction and post-construction using traditional methods. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process of modelling a building that initially is based on 3D and it has been enhanced to 7D that provides information and tools to help planning and designing in construction process to be more efficient and effective. At its initial emerge, BIM were used to help planning, construction and operational of buildings. Recently, BIM has also been employed to improve fire safety. This study aims to extend the application of BIM on fire safety in high rise building using the approach of utilizing its potency from the pre-construction, construction and post-construction stage, as well as identifying equipment's and works related to fire safety that support fire safety enhancement on high rise buildings. The method implemented was qualitative descriptive that performed using literature review and expert validation through in-depth interview. The result is an ideal projection of BIM implementation to heighten fire safety on high rise buildings. The projection was validated using BIM and fire safety experts.
Key words: building information modelling (BIM), fire safety, high-rise building
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