Integration of Riau Malay customs and Islam: Content analysis

Abstract

This research aims to examine the integration of Riau Malay customs with Islamic teachings in the social life of the community, especially in Pekanbaru. Malay and Islamic customs have been integrated through the principle of "adat berjundi syarak, syarak bersendi kitabullah", which is the normative foundation and cultural identity of the Malay community. The study used a mixed method approach that combined quantitative data through questionnaires of 26 Riau Malay respondents and qualitative data through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with 3 key informants. Quantitative data is analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data is analyzed thematically. The results of the questionnaire showed that 92.3% of respondents viewed Malay and Islamic customs as a harmonious unit, 92.4% stated that the value of manners reflected Islamic morals, and 80.8% affirmed that the integration of the two strengthened Malay identity. However, there is a dynamic of practice, where 57.7% of respondents admit that customs are sometimes maintained even though they have the potential to be contrary to Islam and 50% consider that customary adjustments to Islam tend to be symbolic. However, 77% of respondents emphasized that if there are differences, Islamic teachings remain a priority. Overall, the integration of Riau Malay customs and Islam is a characteristic of a society that remains structurally strong, but has undergone changes due to modernization and social media. Continuous efforts are needed through education, the role of the family, and the synergy of traditional leaders and scholars so that the integration is not only symbolic.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji integrasi adat istiadat Melayu Riau dengan ajaran Islam dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat, khususnya di Pekanbaru. Adat istiadat Melayu dan Islam telah bersatu melalui prinsip "adat bersendi syarak, syarak bersendi kitabullah", yang telah menjadi landasan normatif dan identitas budaya masyarakat Melayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran yang menggabungkan data kuantitatif melalui kuesioner dari 26 responden Melayu Riau dan data kualitatif melalui observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam dengan 3 informan kunci. Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 92,3% responden memandang adat istiadat Melayu dan Islam sebagai kesatuan yang harmonis, 92,4% menyatakan bahwa nilai tata krama mencerminkan moral Islam, dan 80,8% menegaskan bahwa integrasi keduanya memperkuat identitas Melayu. Namun, ada dinamika praktik, di mana 57,7% responden mengakui bahwa adat istiadat terkadang dipertahankan meskipun berpotensi bertentangan dengan Islam dan 50% menganggap bahwa penyesuaian adat terhadap Islam cenderung bersifat simbolis. Namun, 77% responden menegaskan bahwa jika ada perbedaan, ajaran Islam tetap menjadi prioritas. Secara keseluruhan, integrasi adat istiadat Melayu Riau dan Islam merupakan ciri masyarakat yang tetap kuat secara struktural, namun telah mengalami perubahan karena modernisasi dan media sosial. Diperlukan upaya berkelanjutan melalui pendidikan, peran keluarga, dan sinergi tokoh adat dan ulama sehingga integrasi tidak hanya simbolis.