The Role of Zakat in Indonesia's Socio-Economic Landscape
A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v17i2.23091Keywords:
Economic Development, Inclusive Growth, Indonesia, Islamic Social Finance, Zakat ParadoxAbstract
This study aims to provide a comprehensive and contemporary understanding of the role of zakat in Indonesia's socio-economic landscape by systematically reviewing the existing literature on its impact on poverty alleviation, income inequality, and economic growth. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. From an initial pool of 210 articles, 20 core empirical and conceptual studies published between 2013 and 2025 were selected from Scopus, Web of Science, and other relevant databases for in-depth thematic synthesis. The analysis reveals a robust consensus in the literature regarding zakat's effectiveness as an instrument for poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction at the micro and meso levels, particularly through productive empowerment programs. However, the review's most significant contribution is the identification of a critical 'zakat paradox': the proven success at the micro-level does not consistently translate into a discernible impact on macroeconomic growth at the national level. This disconnect is attributed to factors of scale, institutional governance, and methodological divergence. This paper is the first to systematically identify and explain the 'zakat paradox' within the Indonesian context. By synthesizing a wide range of evidence, it offers a nuanced perspective that moves beyond a monolithic view of zakat's impact. The study provides actionable policy recommendations for zakat institutions and policymakers to bridge the micro-macro gap, thereby helping to unlock the full potential of zakat as a cornerstone of Indonesia's inclusive and sustainable development strategy.
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