Integrasi kritis penguatan literasi religius berbasis Artificial Intelligence dan otoritas keagamaan digital dalam pembelajaran PAI: Systematic literature review

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital media has changed the way students access religious knowledge, thus presenting both opportunities and challenges for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. This study aims to analyze and synthesize research results regarding the integration of AI, digital religious authority, and religious literacy in PAI learning. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a thematic synthesis approach. The search process was carried out on Scopus database through the stages of identification, filtering, eligibility assessment, and inclusion, until 20 articles were obtained that met the criteria for analysis. The results of the study show three main findings, namely: (1) digital religion is developing into a new space for the formation of religious authority, identity, and practice; (2) AI and digital media expand access to religious knowledge, but also have the potential to cause information bias, simplification of understanding, and ambiguity of religious authority; and (3) PAI learning needs to develop critical, reflective, and ethical digital religious literacy through the acquisition of the ability to channel sources, understand technological bias, and internalize Islamic values in digital life. This research confirms that the integration of AI in Islamic Religious Education learning needs to be accompanied by strengthening religious digital literacy so that the use of technology remains in line with the principles of Islamic education.

Abstrak

Perkembangan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan media digital telah mengubah cara peserta didik mengakses pengetahuan agama, sehingga menghadirkan peluang sekaligus tantangan bagi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menyintesis hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai integrasi AI, otoritas keagamaan digital, dan literasi religius dalam pembelajaran PAI. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan sintesis tematik. Proses penelusuran dilakukan pada basis data Scopus melalui tahapan identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan inklusi, hingga diperoleh 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama, yaitu: (1) agama digital berkembang menjadi ruang baru pembentukan otoritas, identitas, dan praktik keberagamaan; (2) AI dan media digital memperluas akses terhadap pengetahuan agama, tetapi juga berpotensi menimbulkan bias informasi, penyederhanaan pemahaman, serta ketidakjelasan otoritas keagamaan; dan (3) pembelajaran PAI perlu mengembangkan literasi religius digital yang kritis, reflektif, dan etis melalui penguatan kemampuan mengevaluasi sumber, memahami bias teknologi, serta menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan digital. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi AI dalam pembelajaran PAI perlu disertai penguatan literasi religius digital agar pemanfaatan teknologi tetap selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip pendidikan Islam.