Kebijakan dan program peningkatan kompetensi guru PAI dalam upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di madrasah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/itjmie.v7i9.23477Keywords:
kompetensi guru PAI, kebijakan pendidikan, program PPG, mutu madrasah, wilayah 3TAbstract
This research is motivated by the strategic role of the competence of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in improving the quality of madrasah education in Indonesia, but its implementation still faces various obstacles in the field. The purpose of this study is to analyze national education policies and the effectiveness of PAI teacher competency improvement programs in improving the quality of madrasah education, especially in the context of challenges in the 3T (Frontier, Outermost, and Disadvantaged) areas. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study approach and content analysis techniques to relevant policy documents and scientific literature. The results of the study show that policies such as the National Education System Law, the Regulation of the Minister of Religion Number 60 of 2015, the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG), and the Independent Teaching Platform have provided the basis for strengthening the competence of PAI teachers, but their implementation still faces obstacles in the form of inequality of access to training, limited technological infrastructure, and low distribution of resources in the 3T area. In addition, the policy approach that tends to top-down causes the program to not fully comply with the contextual needs of madrasas in the regions. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that improving the quality of madrassas requires a more adaptive, inclusive, and local needs-based policy reformulation through strengthening School-Based Management (SBM), equitable access to teacher training, and effective infrastructure and madrasah leadership support so that improving the competence of PAI teachers can run more sustainably and fairly.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh peran strategis kompetensi guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan madrasah di Indonesia, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala di lapangan. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menganalisis kebijakan pendidikan nasional serta efektivitas program peningkatan kompetensi guru PAI dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan madrasah, khususnya dalam konteks tantangan di wilayah 3T (Terdepan, Terluar, dan Tertinggal). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka dan teknik analisis isi terhadap dokumen kebijakan serta literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan seperti Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 60 Tahun 2015, Program Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG), dan Platform Merdeka Mengajar telah memberikan dasar penguatan kompetensi guru PAI, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala berupa ketimpangan akses pelatihan, keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, serta rendahnya pemerataan sumber daya di wilayah 3T. Selain itu, pendekatan kebijakan yang cenderung top-down menyebabkan program belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan kontekstual madrasah di daerah. Simpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan mutu madrasah memerlukan reformulasi kebijakan yang lebih adaptif, inklusif, dan berbasis kebutuhan lokal melalui penguatan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS), pemerataan akses pelatihan guru, serta dukungan infrastruktur dan kepemimpinan madrasah yang efektif agar peningkatan kompetensi guru PAI dapat berjalan lebih berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan.
References
Abdullah, Mukhammad. 2019. “School Culture To Serve Performance Of Madrasah In Indonesia.” QIJIS : Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies 7(1):71–100. doi: 10.21043/qijis.v7i1.4572.
Acep Heris Hermawan, Hary Priatna Sanusi, Maemunah Sa’diyah. 2017. “Policy Implementation of Teacher Competence in Practicing Islamic Teaching.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3(2):191–206. doi: 10.15575/jpi.v3i2.1785.
Adim Dwi Putranti, Mega Wahyu Rhamadani, Sukmawarti, Asih Utami. 2024. “Effectiveness of Professional Teacher Education in Developing Educational Technology Skills in the Digital Era.” Jurnal of Pedagogi : Jurnal Pendidikan 1(6):131–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.62872/xc7ta403.
Adlini, M. N., Dinda, A. H., Yulinda, S., Chotimah, O., & Merliyana, S. J. 2022. “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka.” Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6 (1):974–980. doi: https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394.
Aini, Masyithoh. 2022. “Desentralisasi Pendidikan Madrasah Melalui Otonomi Daerah Di Indonesia.” Ulumuddin: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 12:95–106.
Amin, Husnul. 2019. “Prpfesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Madrasah.” 4:1–10.
Ani Siti Anisah, Masripah, Mentari Juanda Putri. 2025. “Rethinking Teacher Professional Development for the Digital Era : A Narrative Review.” Eduscape: Journal of Education 3(4):204–17.
Anwar Arifin, Ajahari, Misbah, Asmawati, Puspita, M. Andriana Gaffar, Arman Paramansyah. 2023. “Budaya Organisasi Madrasah Dan Kinerja Guru Di MTs Insan Cendekia Sanggatta Kab.Kutai Timur.” Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal 5(6):2852–59. doi: 10.47476/reslaj.v5i6.2615.
Asmuni, Hadiqoh. 2023. “Policy Innovation To Improve The Quality Of School-Based Islamic Education.” JIMPI: Jurnal Inofatif Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 02(01):61–70. doi: 10.38073/jimpi.v2i1.1597.
Aurisélia Rocha Azevedo, Elenilda Teles Frota, Flavia Azevedo Albuquerque Fontenele, Francisca Antonia Araujo de Vasconcelos, Manoel Flávio Coutinho, and Maria José Coutinho de Melo and Tereza Cristina Fernandes França. Maria de Lourdes Rocha da Silva. 2025. “Project-Based Learning and the Challenges of the 21st Century.” Science and Connections: The Interdependence of Disciplines Chapter 14.
Ecih Sukaesih, Ahmad Subagyo. 2025. “Analysis of the Impact of Islamic Education Policy on the Quality of Education Ecih.” Buana Pendidikan: Jurnal Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unipa Surabaya 21(2):126–32.
Fahmi, Rizal, Mohamad Bayi Tabrani, and Wawan Setiawardani. 2024. “Kompetensi Pendidik Dalam Menghadapi Pendidikan Pada Era Society 5 . 0.” AJIE - Asian Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 08(01):8–17.
Falah, Anta Ibnul, and Agus Heruanto Hadna. 2022. “Problematika Pendidikan Masa Pandemi Di Indonesia Pada Daerah 3-T (Terluar, Tertinggal, Dan Terdepan).” Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan 7(2):164–85. doi: 10.24832/jpnk.v7i2.2997.
Fang, He, and He Xueyun. 2025. “Core-Competence Educational Policies Versus the Practical Realities of Rural Area-Based Language Teachers : Pathways to Better Policy Implementation.” SAGE Open (September):1–17. doi: 10.1177/21582440251360144.
Fatihin, Moh Khoirul, Nur Asnawi, and M. Fahim Tharaba. 2023. “Transforming Islamic Education : Madrasah-Based Management Strategies for Academic Excellence.” Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 07(04):1145–60. doi: DOI: http://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v7i4.6746.
Hermawan, Dudi, A. Marjuni, and Muh. Rapi. 2022. “The Role of Teacher Association Regional on Islamic Religious Education in Selayar Islands.” JICSA (Journal of Islamic Civilization in Southeast Asia) 10(2):499. doi: 10.24252/jicsa.v10i2.24776.
Hernández-sellés, Núria, and Miguel Massigoge-galbis. 2024. “Strengthening Policies for Education , Innovation , and Digitization Through Teacher Training : Evaluating ProFuturo ’ s Open Model in Ecuador.” International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 25(4).
Herry Sanoto, Soesanto, AT Soegito, Kardoyo. 2021. “Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Terhadap Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Di Daerah 3T ( Terdepan , Terpencil , Tertinggal ).” Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan 166–72.
Huda, Mualimul. 2021. “Aktualisasi Budaya Organisasi Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru.” Jurnal Penelitian 15:319–46. doi: DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jp.v15i2.12494.
Husnol Khotimah, Umar Manshur, Abdul Wahid Zaini, M. Aqil Fahmi, and Suhermanto. Sanjani. 2024. “Incereasing The Competence Of Islamic Religious Education Teachers From A Madrasah-Based Management Perspective.” Managere Indonesian Journal Of Education Management 6(1):13–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.52627/managere.v6i1.388 Article.
Indonesia, Kementerian Agama Republik. n.d.-a. “Info, Tunjangan Khusus Guru Madrasah Wilayah 3T Segera Cair.”
Indonesia, Kementerian Agama Republik. n.d.-b. “Tahap 1, Kemenag Siapkan Rp73 Miliar Tunjangan Khusus 9.043 Guru Madrasah Daerah 3T.”
Indonesia, Republik. 2020.“Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 63 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan Daerah Tertinggal Tahun 2020-2024.”
Irmawati. 2024. “Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Islam Dalam Kurikulum PAI.” Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora 4(2):1743–57. doi: 10.37680/almikraj.v4i02.5421.
Iskandar, Wahyu. 2019. “Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Madrasah.” Al-Madrasah:Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 4(1):1–22.
Ismail, Mustopa, Ilyas, Imran, Umil Muhsinin. 2024. “The Role of Technology in Improving the Quality of Islamic Religious Education in Schools and Madrasas in the Digital Era.” Journal of Social Science.
Kayati, Afiyah Nur. 2020. “Kolaborasi Guru Dalam MGMP Sebagai Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Di MTs Unggulan Pondok Pesantren Amanatul Ummah Pacet Mojokerto.” SYAIKHUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pranata Islam 11:31–47.
Khoriah, Aah. 2025. “Implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) in Improving the Quality of Education.” Cristal International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 1(2):77–81.
Lundeto, Adri. 2023. “Empowering Islamic Religious Teachers : Professional Development and Challenges.” International Journal of Science and SocietY 5(3):430–50.
M. Munif, Johannes M. Galvis, Muh Habibulloh. 2024. “Utilization of Digital Technology in Enhancing Teachers ’ Pedagogical Competence.” JELS: Journal of Education and Learning Sciences 04(02).
Mardhatillah, Olivia, and Jun Surjanti. 2023. “Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Dan Profesionalitas Guru Di Indonesia Melalui Pendidikan Profesi Guru ( PPG ).” Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha 15(1):102–11. doi: http://doi.org/ 10.23887/jjpe.v15 i1.65200.
Martani, Edi. 2023. “Improving the Quality of Madrasah Education through Madrasah Resource Management.” Dawuh Guru: Jurnal Pendidikan MI/SD 3(1):25–38. doi: https://doi.org/10.35878/guru.v3i1.481 Improving.
Muhammad Ybnu T, Eli Retnowati, Maftuhah Dewi, Klemens Mere, Bayu Purbha Sakti. 2024. “Analysis of the Implementation of Training and Development Programs for Teachers in the Context of Curriculum Change : Evaluation and Recommendations.” Dinasti International Journal Of Education Management And Social Science (DIJEMSS) 5(6):1868–76. doi: 10.38035/dijemss.v5i6.
Muhtar Hidayat, Sukari. 2025. “Relevansi Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Di Madrasah Dengan Kebutuhan Dunia Modern.” Moral: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.61132/moral.v2i1.483.
Nurfuadi. 2020. “The Development of Teachers ’ Pedagogical Competencies of Islamic Religious Education Based on Learning Quality Management.” Jurnal Iqra’Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan 5(2):151–63. doi: https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v5i2.1014.
Okta Rosfiani, Bayu Sukmana, Eldrida Andri, Dewi Sukma, Marwatu Saidah. 2025. “Tantangan Dan Solusi Guru PAI Dalam Mengintegrasikan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Dalam Pembelajaran Di Era Digital.” TEACHING : Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan 5(2):320–28.
Powa, John Eka, Minnah El Widdah, and Hamdi Zas Pendi. 2023. “Analysis Of Islamic Education Policy in The National Education System Law No . 20 Year 2003.” Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogic Studies (JCPS) 2(1):1–13.
Rifa’i, Moh. 2017. “Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Dalam Era Otonomi Daerah.” 1(1):99–114.
Rosinta Nur ‘Aisya, Susanti Sufyadi, and Mastur. 2025. “Teacher Competence in Implementing the Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5).” Vidya Karya 40(2):149–62.
Sahat Renol HS, Selvita Eka Eviana Purba. 2025. “The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Enhancing Learning In The Era Of Society 5.0.” Klasikal: Journal of Education, Language Teaching and Science 7(2):668–77.
Santosa, Achadi Budi. 2022. “Organizational Culture as The Basis of Teacher Performance Development.” Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 06(03):962–73. doi: DOI: http://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i3.3019.
Sayni Nasrah, Sri Milfayetty, Arif Rahman, Muthmainnah. 2025. “Strategic Approaches to Enhancing Teacher Competence in Artificial Intelligence for the Transformation of 21 St Century Education.” Journal of International Conference Proceedings (JICP) 8(2):41–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v8i2.4158 Copyright.
Sitti Muthmainnah, Bahaking Rama. 2024. “Prospek Pengembangan PAI (Studi Tentang Masa Depan Dan Tantangannya).” Referensi Islamika: Jurnal Studi Islam 2(2):10–27.
Sunarya, Ujang. 2024. “Kendala Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Dalam Proses Pengembangan Materi Pembelajaran PAII Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah.” Epistemic: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 3(1):149–65. doi: 10.70287/epistemic.v3i1.195.
Supa’at. 2016. “Identification of the Problems Faced by Madrasahs in Response to Institutional Change.” International Conference on Educational, Management, Administration and Leadership 14:395–403.
Supangat. 2022. “Manajemen Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru.” Jurnal Literasiologi 8(4):70–80.
Suradi. 2023. “Designing the Integration of Science in Madrasas.” JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan) 8(2):771–82.
Syafia Masnu’ah, Nyanyu Khodijah, Ermis Surya. 2022. “Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Dalam Undang-Undang No.20 Tahun 2003 (SISDIKNAS).” Modeling: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI 9(20):115–30.
Tomasouw, Jolanda, Juliaans E. R. Marantika, Eldaa Crystle Wenno, and Carmen Noya Van Delzen. 2024. “The Challenges of the Kurikulum Merdeka Implementation in 3T Area.” KnE Social Sciences 2024:359–77. doi: 10.18502/kss.v9i31.17598.
Virgiawan Listanto, Citra Permatasari. 2022. “Practical Experience of School-Based Management Development in Madrasas: A Systematic Literature Review.” Jawda: Journal of Islamic Education Management 3 (2):198–219.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Windarsih, Tasman Hamami
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
