Tarikh Islam curriculum design in modern Islamic boarding schools based on perspective of Ikhwan al-Ṣafāʾ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v19i2.22782Keywords:
curriculum design, learning approaches, Pesantrens, rasāʾil ikhwān al-ṣafāʾ, Tarikh IslamAbstract
Tarikh Islam (Islamic history) instruction in Pesantrens (Modern Islamic Boarding School) often encounters challenges such as rigid instructional materials and an overreliance on rote memorization. This study aims to analyze the educational philosophy of the Ikhwan As-Safa group and its implementation in designing the tarikh Islam curriculum within Pesantren modern to foster more effective internalization of historical values. Utilizing a qualitative library research methodology, data were collected from the treatise Rasa’il Ikhwan As-Safa, the Tarikh Islam textbooks used in the Kulliyyatul Mu'allimin Al-Islamiyyah (KMI) curriculum of Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, and related curricular documents. The data were subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate that: (1) the curriculum design aligns intellectual ('aqliyyah) and spiritual (ruhiyyah) potentials to cultivate character (tahdzib al-nafs); (2) the content integrates rational ('aqli) and revealed (naqli) knowledge, comprehensively encompassing civilizational history, scientific achievements, and Islamic arts; and (3) the design of learning experiences incorporates an active multisensory approach using audiovisual media, kinesthetic simulations, and dialectical discussions. In conclusion, the rational-religious philosophy of Ikhwan As-Safa offers a robust theoretical and practical foundation for reconstructing an integrated, relevant, and character-building Tarikh Islam curriculum for santris (santri) in the modern era.
Abstrak
Pembelajaran Tarikh Islam di Pesantren modern kerap menghadapi kendala berupa materi yang cenderung kaku dan dominasi hafalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemikiran pendidikan kelompok Ikhwan al-Ṣafāʾ serta implementasinya dalam desain kurikulum Tarikh Islam di Pesantren modern guna mewujudkan internalisasi nilai sejarah yang lebih efektif. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka (library research), data penelitian bersumber dari kitab Rasa’il Ikhwan al-Ṣafāʾ, buku pelajaran Tarikh Islam KMI Pondok Pesantren Modern Gontor, serta dokumen kurikulum terkait yang dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Desain tujuan kurikulum menyelaraskan potensi intelektual ('aqliyyah) dan spiritual (ruhiyyah) untuk pembentukan karakter (tahdzib al-nafs); (2) Materi kurikulum mengintegrasikan ilmu aqli dan naqli yang mencakup sejarah peradaban, keilmuan, serta kesenian Islam secara holistik; dan (3) Desain pengalaman belajar menerapkan pendekatan multisensori yang aktif melalui media audio-visual, simulasi kinestetik, dan diskusi dialektika. Kesimpulannya, pemikiran rasional-religius Ikhwan al-Ṣafāʾ memberikan fondasi teoritis dan praktis yang kuat dalam merekonstruksi kurikulum Tarikh Islam yang integral, relevan, serta berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter santri di era modern.
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