21st Century Skills from the Perspective of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's Epistemological Framework
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v19i1.21860Keywords:
Epistemology, 21st Century Skills, Ismail Raji Al-FaruqIAbstract
This study aims to conceptually implement the basis of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's epistemological framework to address the theory of 21st-century skills needed to develop the competencies of Muslim students. This study is based on literature reviews using documentation techniques to extract data, particularly from several significant works by Al-Faruqi and 21st-century skills books, along with supporting references. Data analysis is carried out in two stages: analysis during data collection to capture the essence or core of the research focus through collected sources, and analysis of the collected data by determining the relationships between them. The study results show that Al-Faruqi combines two primary sources of knowledge, reason and revelation, an epistemological framework, using tawhid as a basis. This epistemological framework is applied to the four 21st-century skills. The application is focused on: 1) critical thinking skills based on tawhid, 2) communication skills based on tawhid, collaboration skills based on tawhid, and 4) creativity and innovation based on tawhid. By applying Al-Faruqi's epistemological framework, educators can create opportunities to develop 21st-century competencies based on tawhid, thereby enhancing the realization of identity as a Muslim student.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan secara konseptual basis kerangka epistemologis Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi untuk meninjau teori keterampilan abad ke-21 yang dibutuhkan untuk mengembangkan kompetensi pelajar Muslim. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada tinjauan pustaka dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data, khususnya dari beberapa karya penting Al-Faruqi dan buku-buku keterampilan abad ke-21, beserta referensi pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan dalam dua tahap: analisis selama pengumpulan data untuk menangkap esensi atau inti fokus penelitian melalui sumber-sumber yang terkumpul, dan analisis data yang terkumpul dengan menentukan hubungan di antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Al-Faruqi menggabungkan dua sumber utama pengetahuan yakni akal dan wahyu, sebagai kerangka epistemologis, dan menggunakan tauhid sebagai dasarnya. Basis kerangka epistemologis ini kemudian diterapkan pada empat keterampilan abad ke-21, dan difokuskan pada: 1) keterampilan berpikir kritis berbasis tauhid, 2) keterampilan komunikasi berbasis tauhid, keterampilan kolaborasi berbasis tauhid, dan 4) kreativitas dan inovasi berbasis tauhid. Dengan menerapkan basis kerangka epistemologi Al-Faruqi, pendidik dapat menciptakan peluang untuk mengembangkan keterampilan siswa di abad 21 dengan berbasis tauhid, sehingga mampu menguatkan jati diri sebagai seorang pelajar muslim.
References
Alison Specht, & Crowston, K. (2022). Interdisciplinary collaboration from diverse science teams can produce significant outcomes. PLoS ONE, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278043
Andika. (2022). Agama dan perkembangan teknologi di era modern. Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.22373/arj.v2i2.12556
Jackelén, A. (2021). Technology, theology, and spirituality in the digital age. Zygon, 56(1).
Fauziah, A. H. (2024). Sintesa pemikiran para filosof Muslim era klasik tentang pendidikan Islam. Cognitive: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.61743/cg.v2i2.79
Shah, A. A., Syeda, Z. F., & Naseer, S. (2020). University students’ communication skills as a determinant of academic achievement. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(107-114)
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. Jossey-Bass.
Ardiansyah, B., Jannah, Y. P., Zukhripa, R., Resnaulita, A., Arief, A., & Nurdiansyah, N. M. (2025). Analisis integrasi dan peran tauhid dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Nanggroe: Jurnal Pengabdian Cendikia, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15204040
Sumaiya, B., Srivastava, S., Jain, V., & Prakash, V. (2022). The role of effective communication skills in professional life. World Journal of English Language, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n3p134
Juita, D. R. (2023). Pemahaman konsep tawhid dan implementasinya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kumpulan Artikel Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.62070/kaipi.v1i2.33
Dewi, E., Amril, M., & Maksum, A. (2025). Rekonstruksi epistemologi di era postmodernisme: Studi atas gagasan Islamisasi ilmu menurut Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Jurnal Teologi Islam, 1(2), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.63822/43v63g24
Herdiansyah, G. P., Utami, N. S., & Lestari, S. (2025). Peningkatan keterampilan kolaborasi dalam pembelajaran matematika melalui problem-based learning pada siswa SMA. Jurnal Ilmiah WUNY, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v6i1
Bodie, G. D. (2023). Listening as a positive communication process. Current Opinion in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101681
Sa’diyah, H. (2021). Konsep pendidikan Islam Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi sebagai solusi di era millennial. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education, 1(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.25217/cie.v1i1.1381
Chusna, I. F., Aini, I. N., Putri, K. A., & Elisa, M. C. (2024). Literatur review: Urgensi keterampilan abad 21 pada peserta didik. Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.17977/um065.v4.i4.2024.1
Asri, I. H., Lasmawan, I. W., & Suharta, I. G. P. (2023). Kompetensi abad 21 sebagai bekal menghadapi tantangan masa depan. Kappa Journal, 7(1), 97–107.
Farihah, I. (2014). Agama menurut Ibn Khaldun. Fikrah, 2(1).
Al-Faruqi, I. R. (1992). Islam: Sebuah pengantar. Pustaka.
Al-Faruqi, I. R. (1995). Tauhid: Implikasinya pada pemikiran dan kehidupan. Pustaka.
Al-Faruqi, I. R. (2000). Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Lontar Utama.
Al-Faruqi, I. R., & Al-Faruqi, L. L. (2003). Atlas budaya Islam: Menjelajah khasanah peradaban gemilang (3rd ed.). Mizan.
Danaher, J., & Sætra, H. S. (2022). Technology and moral change: The transformation of truth and trust. Ethics and Information Technology, 22(35). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09661-y
Hasan, K., Utami, A., Eni, S., Izzah, N., & Ramadhana, S. C. (2023). Komunikasi di era digital: Analisis media konvensional vs new media pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Komunikasi Pemberdayaan, 2(1).
Khairunnisa, K., Aprison, W., & Pratama, A. R. (2025). Revitalisasi pemikiran Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Agama dan Filsafat, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrafi.v4i2.5336
Hussain, K., & Wahab, E. (2021). Reviewing the link between employee creativity and innovation. Proceedings of IEOM Conference.
Larson, L. C., & Miller, T. N. (2012). 21st century skills: Prepare students for the future. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 47(3), 121–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2011.10516575
Magdalena, M., Endayana, B., Pulungan, A. I., Maimunah, M., & Dalimunthe, N. D. (2021). Metode penelitian untuk penulisan laporan penelitian dalam PAI. Literasiologi.
Nurhayati, M. A., Wirayudha, A. P., Fahrezi, A., Pasama, D. R., & Noor, A. M. (2023). Islam dan tantangan era digital. Al-Aufa, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.32665/alaufa.v5i1.1618
Aebissa, M. (2023). Effective communication: The key to success. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 27(5).
Sari, M., & Asmendri. (2020). Penelitian kepustakaan dalam penelitian pendidikan IPA. Natural Science, 6(1), 41–53.
Adeoye, M. A., & Jimoh, H. A. (2023). Problem-solving skills among 21st-century learners. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v6i1.62708
Alsaleh, N. J. (2020). Teaching critical thinking skills: Literature review. TOJET, 19(1), 21–39.
Facione, P. A. (1998). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts.
Mardhiyah, R. H., Aldriani, S. N. F., Chitta, F., & Zulfikar, M. R. (2021). Pentingnya keterampilan abad 21. Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v12i1.5813
Nakano, T. C., & Wechsler, S. M. (2018). Creativity and innovation: Skills for the 21st century. Estudos de Psicologia, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000300002
Avcı, Ü., & Durak, H. Y. (2023). Innovative thinking skills in learning environments. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101225
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author grants copyright of his/her work to the journal licensed under CC-BY-SA or The Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License which allows others to use the work with acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
